Coating and doubling apparatus



y 1932- G. w. BUCHANAN 1,867,875

COATING AND DOUBLING APPARATUS Filed July 10. 1929 Patented July 19, 1932 PATENT .QFFICE GEORGE W. BUCHANAN, OI PEEKSK L, NEW YORK COATING Application filed This invention has reference to the art of coating and doubting textile materials, brous materials, and fabrics generall useful as wall decorations and coverings, floor covering, furniture covering and other domestic and commercial purposes, and re-- lates particularly to an apparatus for coating, doubling and otherwise treating and constructing the particular fabric, including the employment of plastic materials, inspissated substances of predetermined kind, and viscous and siccative materials found suitable for the fabrication of articles of predetermined character.

Among the objects of my invention may be noted the following: To provide an apparatus by means of which both the doubling and coating operations can be carried out with facility, rapidly and effectively in the manufacture of many different kin s of fabrics adapted for useful, commercial and ornamental purposes; to provide an apparatus 0 the kind noted in the foregoing having a plurality of interacting rolls or cylinders so combined and differentially driven as to enable them to fabricate the articles with the desired characteristics to provide an apparatus such as noted with means adapted to coat materials either singly or doubly, and inter-- changeably treat the materials referred to in the foregoing for predetermined results; and to provide an apparatus of the kind and for the purposes mentioned which is strong, durable, economical to operate and to manufacture, and provided with means enabling all the various adjustments required for the purposes intended.

With the above objects in view and others which will be'detailed during the course of this description, my invention consists in the parts, features, elements and combinations thereof hereinafter described and claimed.

In order that my invention may be clearly understood, I have provided a drawing wherein:

Figure 1 is a view showing my coating and doubling machine in sectional elevation, the section being taken vertically through the rolls between the end supporting members of the frame; and

to Figure 1, it

the upper one 8 and 8 the end frame members um nounnme arrm'rus my 10, 1929. Serial No. 377,112.

Figures 2, 3 and 4.- are diagrammatic views showing various schemes of arrangement of the rolls, and the interaction of cooperating parts for doubling and for coating'various materials. 1

Referring to the drawing, and particularly will be understood that I have omitted many-details of construction which are not of the essence of my invention outlined in the following.

shown only enough of my machine to enable the particular features of invention to be readily understood.

. In Figure 1 the numeral 1 indicates an end member of the frame of which there are two properly bolted or cast together or so constructed as to give the frame strength, rigidity, and solidity, thus eliminating vibrations during operation of the mechanisms carried by said frame. It will be noted that the end members are symmetrical and evenly jbalanced so as to avoid excess of weight on one side or the other of the machine; and presently it will be also seen that the ment of the rollers utilized in my invention is such as to bring about symmetry,

solidarity,

arrangesturdiness and to avoid vibration in the operation of the machine and to produce in the latter a perfectly balanced operation. The machine is provided with four base supports, such as indicated at 2, and at its top-is provided with two crown members such as supported by the two end members 1, between which extend adjusting rods 4: provided at opposite ends with worms 5 adapted to mesh, respectively, with worm gears 6, carried by ad usting screws 7 and 7 a threaded into the crown members 3 and suitably connected to of a pair of-journal of which is supportheld in sockets of 1 so as to elastithe rolls mounted rotated by suitable crank wheels shown) carried at their ends. A front supporting member 11 is secured to the front of each of the frame members 1 near their base, which members 11 carry ad- 12 threaded into said memusting screws rs and carrying at their mner ends one blocks, the one 9 and 9* ed by springs 10 suitably cally support be member 13 of a journal box, the other member of which is indicated at 14 under tension of springs 15. The screws 12 carry warm gears 16 with which cooperate the worms 17 on adjusting rod 18 supported by the memhers 11, said rod also having a rotary adjusting crank (not shown) for shifting the j ournal blocks 13 and 14. From the foregoingit will be seen that the opposite end of the machine, not shown, is a duplicate of the end shown in Figure 1, and said opposite end carries the driving crank and gears.

The arrangement of the rolls in my machine is important and is of the essence of my invention, since such arrangement gives SOlldity, balance and steadiness of operation of my machine eliminating Vibration and enabllng me to effectively produce the results desired in a strong, durable and compact machine. As shown in Figure 1, the master or coating roll is indicated at 19, and is supported by the two members 1 of theframe central- 1y thereof between the front and back edges of said frame, and practically in the center of gravit' ofsaid frame. The supporting and spreading roll 20 is 'journaled below the axls of the master roll 19 and in advance thereof the roll 25. The roll in the bearing blocks 8 near the front edges of the frame members 1. A triangular gage-block 21 is supported on opposite sides of the machine, each on a rod 22 suitably supported in a frame member and adapted to cooperate, with its two curved faces, intimately with the rolls 19 and 20, respectively. The rods 22 may be rotated in any suitable manner so as to shift the gages 21 longitudinally of the rolls 19 and 20, so as to regulate the.coating surface to the width of the material being produced. The roll 20 1s mounted on a shaft 23 carried in the journal blocks 13 and 14:, enabling it thus to be adjusted laterally relatively to the master roll 19 mounted on the shaft 24 in fixed bearings of the frame members 1. The two rolls 19 and 20 and gage-blocks 21 form a gutter or sump in which the coating material is placed. A pressure roll 25 cooperates with the master roll 19 and is carried by the shaft 26 mounted and 9, which are adjustable through the medium of the screws 7 so as to shift the roll 25 relatively to the master roll for the purpose of bearing more or less heavily u on the latter. The roll 25 is arranged near 1: e rear edges of the supporting frame members 1, thus balancing the weight of the roll 20 on the front side of the machine. A fourth or glossing roll 27 is carried on ashaft 28 mountedin thejournal blocks 8 and 9 near the frontedges of the frame members at the top of the latter, and the adjustment of said roll 27 by the screw 7 enables it to bear more or less against the surface of 27 is arranged symmetrically relatively to the rolls 19 and 20 and in a plane between the axes of the latter and above saidrolls. The four rolls 19, 20, 25 and 27 are driven by differential gearing, the master roll 19 carrying the master driving gear indicated by the outline 29. The gear 30 carried by the shaft 24 of the master roll meshes with the gear 31 on the spreading roll 20, and the gear 29 meshes with the gear 32 on the shaft 6f the ressure roll 25, and the gear 33 on the shaft? of the roll 25 meshes with the gear 34 on the shaft of the glossing roll 27. As before stated, the interacting gearing of the several rolls is differential, the ratio being a single revolution of the roll 20 to two revolutions of the master roll 19; two revolutions plus of the roll 25 to two revolutions of the master roll 19; and three revolutions of the roll 27 to two revolutions plus of the roll 25. In other words, I may make the speed of the roll 25 relatively to the master roll 19 upwards of two revolutions relatively to the two revolutions of the master roll, and relatively to the three revolutions of the roll 27, this differential and ratio being for the purpose of putting a predetermined amount of torque or drag upon the material passing between the niaster roll 19 and the pressure roll 25 to keep the material smooth; and the ratio between the master roll 19 and the hearing roll 20 is for the purpose of enabling the material in the gutter between the two rolls to be properly smeared and spread upon the master roll 19 by the bearing roll 20, the thickness of such material thus evenly applied tothe master roll 19 being regulated by the adjustment of the roll 20 relatively to the master roll 19. And the adjustment of the roll 25 relatively to the master roll 19 is for the purpose of giving to the material passing between the two rolls the proper thickness of coating; and the adjustment of the roll 27 relatively tothe roll 25 regulates the pressure between the two and compensates for the difference in thickness of the coating applied to the material passing between the two rolls, while the roll 27 performs the additional function of uniformly spreading the coating. on the said material and of glossing or calendering the same, elastically mounted as previously stated.

It is believed to be unnecessary to portray the gearing any more in detail, since the gear wheels are of the common type and no importance is attached. to them other than the differential or ratio thereof and the func tions emanating therefrom.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 and for the purpose of coating the fabric or material passing between the several rolls 19, 25 and 27, a bolt of material 35 is suitably mounted in journal blocks 36 on the rear edges of the frame members convenient arrangement because of accessibility and because of its proximity to the master roll 19 and the bearing roll 25, avoiding a long stretch of the material leading to the latter two rolls,

said two rolls 25 and 27 being 1, this being a and also enabling-the bolt of material to be arranged at the proper angle or in the proper relation to said master and bearing rolls or the purpose of applying to the stretch of material the proper tension through the medium .of a guiding and tension roll 37 mounted in the frame members 1 at the rear.of the master roll directly under the bearing roll 25 and adjacent the point of contact between the two. This arrangement of the guiding and tension roll 37 enables the stretch of material 35 to pass in approximately a horizontal plane to the bearing roll 25 and at a desired predetermined angle to the surface of the master roll 19 carrying the coating material. Thus it will be seen t at coating substances arranged in the gutter or sump between the spreading roll 20 and master roll 19, gaged as to width by the blocks 21, will be carried directly to the stretch of material passing between the master roll and the bearing roll 25 over the tension and guiding roll 37, and that the said stretch of material is subjected to a drag or smearing strain between the two rolls because of the difierence in speed thereof. Furthermore, it will also be seen that the difierence in speed between the roll 27 and the bearing roll 25 causes the former to spread and gloss the coating on the fabric passing between the two'rolls. Thus, um-

formity of thickness of the coating on the material is provided for, together with a mechanical distribution of said coating over the surface of the material during the short period and distance of travel through the machine. It is, of course, understood that adjustment of the roll 20 relative to the roll 19 regulates the thickness of the coating applied to the fabric. while the gage blocks regulate the width of the coating applied to the fabric; and that the adjustment of the rolls 27 and 25 can be regulated to compensate for the thickness of coating, while the differential of speed between the several rolls provides for the smear of the coating on the master roll and the smear of the coating and uniform spread of the latter upon the fabric or material being coated.

My machine is adapted for doubling as well as coating and with the same arrangement of rolls shown in Figure 1; but, with a different arrangement of guiding and tension rolls and of the bolts of material to be coated, I can accomplish the production of many different kinds of fabrics.

For example, in Figure 2 I have shown my machine with the fabrics traveling therethrough in such manner as to perform the operation known as doubling, by coating the surface of one fabric or stretch of material and applying another fabric or stretch of material thereto. In this figure, the bolt of material to be coated may be arranged at or about the point 35, and from thence the stretch of material will pass between the master roll 19 and the fabric being indicated at 35". Another stretch of fa ric 35 will be led below a guidmg and tension roll 38 arranged'adjacent the master roll 19 at the. frontthereof and ap purposes, and merely adjust the tension and.

guiding roll nearer to the master roll 19. In this arrangement, the material 35 will-pass over the top of the tension roll 38 and downwardly over the master roll 19, receiving its coating on its outer surface directly from the sump or gutter between the gage blocks 21 and the roll 20. Thus the fabric 35 passes around the master roll 19 to the bearing roll 25, at which point the coating will be covered by the fabric 35*, the two coated fabrics thus passing between the said two rolls, and around the and over its top to the receiving roll.

bearing roll 25, said .roll 25 to the roll 27 and around the latter lVith the arrangement shown in 3,

coating is accomplished by supporting the bolt of material 39 above theaxis of the roll :25 and in the rear of the latter,.the stretch of material being fed first between the rolls 25 and 27, then across the.guide roll 38, then to the surface of the master roll 19 where the fabric will receive its coating in the same manner as in Figure 4., The fabric then passes around the surface of the master roll and around a tension and guiding roll 40 and across the top of the roll 27, utilized in this instance also as a guiding and supporting roll, the fabric then passing to the receiving roll.

It will thus be understood that the compact and intimate arrangement of rolls in my machine enable me to accomplish many results in coating and doubling fabrics with facility, accuracy and rapidity, together with uniformity of spread of coating material upon the fabrics, as well as regulation of the thickness of said coating.

In the operation of my machine, I find that the functions thereof are improved somewhat by adopting so-called doctor blades bearing upon the surface of the roll 25 and the roll 27, the blade bearing upon the roll 25 near the top and in rear thereof and upon the surface of the roll 27 near the top and in front thereof. In each instance, the structure consists of a blade 41 adapted to bear upon its adjacent roll and supported by and an arm 46 journaled at 47 in the frame and the rolls relatively to each other, means for having its outer end provided with a pendent mounting two of the rolls yieldingly, and a link 48 on which a weight 49 may be supportguiding roll mounted adjacent the second and ed, said weight being interchangeable with third rolls close to the junction of the latter I 1. others according to the pressure desired to with each other. I m

impose upon the doctor blades. This struc- 2. A coating machine comprisin a frame ture is simple, effective, and is applied to the and a plurality of rolls mounte therein, machine without in any manner interfering two of said rolls operating near the front with the operation of the rolls or the maof the frame and arranged to provide a gutterials passing through the machine re gardter for holding coat ng material and the less of the work being performed. hese others, of said rolls being arranged for feedblades keep the rolls clean by scraping off any ing mater ahbetweeii them, and receiving a material which may-be pressed through the layer ofpoating material thereon, and means fabrics or reach the rolls in anyother way. for driving the rolls differentially so that the The materials referred to may be textile coating and smearing rolls will have a ratio fabrics, paper or other fibrous material and of revolution of two to. one, and a ratio of combinations maybe made thereof according revolution between the other rolls and the to the particular product required. And my coatingroll will be such that one of said other machine ermits the use of coating materials 115 1 r e t s n pon the material without inners, alkalies or glues and withand another of sa d rolls Wlll polish the surout a multiplicity of operations for cloth, face of the material. 4 burlap, aper or other desired and necessary 3. A coating machine comprising a frame materia according to the product ai d having a plurality of interact1ng'rolls ourat; and my machine is particularly adapted R l d her in t of which are arranged to 35 for producing oil cloth, using linseed oil, any prov de a gutter, and differential driving siccative oil, with the usual fillers such as cla gearing between the said rolls adapted to and coloring. matter. In doubling, the two produce between two of them a ratio of two fab i j in d ill, of ou h an revolutions to one, and between two others of i t dhe i lied, said rolls more than two revolutions to two,

30 In the operation of the machine, the coatand between two others of said rolls three ing material is placed in the sump between I'GVOllltlOIlS to a more than lSWO the two rollers and the gageblocks, and with P T011 y be smeared Wlth Coatlll t the master roller operating at twice the speed from the gu r y nother, anot er roll of th spreading or smearmg ll th will place tension upon thematerialv being 88 ter roller will have the coating properly ap- Coated, and another You W QP P plied thereto because the coating material althe Coat of matellal t0 Q hSh the same. ways goes to the faster speed roller, the other I lng mach ne of the character, one being left clean. In the arrangement of descr1bed1 the combmallon of coatmg Fi 1, th master ll 111 apply th mounted in fixed bearings and arranged in m coating directly to the fabric, while in Fig-. the Vertical center of the -3 a Spreading m5 ure 4 and also in Figure 3 the coating material l g Wlth (30211111 will be applied to the fabric directly by the ed 111 adiusmble and yleldmg saunas and smearing roller 20. In either combination, two fi i a e P R F the coating material is evenly and uniformly mounted dJ P and y g beal'mgs 5 applied both as to width and thickness. The and E p Wlth T q g T011; n a other rollers, as previously pointed out, place glosslng mounted adlusmble and 7 tension upon the fabric, smoothing it, and mg beanngs and Qooperatmg Wltl} the P reventing n wrinkling, and burmshing or sure roll at one side of the vertical center polishing it, giving it gloss and uniform apof the frame by a p balanced w Penance. and sturdy structure is produced. 115 What I claim and desire to secure by Let- GEORGE BUUHANAN- ters Patent is 1. In a coating machine, the combination of a smearing roll mounted in a supporting 55 frame at the lower front edge of the latter,

a coatin roll mounted in the frame centrally o the latter and above and to the rear of the smearing roll to producea gutter, a third roll mounted above the coating roll 60 and in rear of the latter near the rear of said 1 5 frame, a fourth roll mounted above all the rolls at the front edge of the frame, means for driving the rolls, including master driving means mounted on the shaft of the coat 6! ing roll, means for securing adjustments of n l 

